古詩英文翻譯及清明習(xí)俗知識(shí)

　　清明節(jié)氣在時(shí)間和天氣物侯特點(diǎn)上為清明節(jié)俗的形成提供了重要條件，該節(jié)氣被看作清明節(jié)的源流之一。以下是PINCAI小編整理的清明節(jié)古詩英文翻譯及清明習(xí)俗知識(shí)，歡迎閱讀參考!

　　古詩英文版

　　《清明》

　　(唐)杜牧

　　清明時(shí)節(jié)雨紛紛，路上行人欲斷魂。

　　借問酒家何處有?牧童遙指杏花村。

　　吳鈞陶英譯(韻式aaba)

　　It drizzles thick and fast on the Pure Brightness Day,I travel with my heart lost in dismay.

　　"Is there a public house somewhere, cowboy?"

　　He points at Apricot Village faraway.

　　許淵沖英譯(韻式aabb)

　　A drizzling rain falls like tears on the Mourning Day;

　　The mourners heart is going to break on his way.

　　Where can a wineshop be found to drown his sad hours?

　　A cowherd points to a cot mid apricot flowers.

　　孫大雨英譯(韻式aaba)

　　Upon the Clear-and-Bright Feast of spring, the rain drizzleth down in spray.

　　Pedestrians on countryside ways, in gloom are pinning away.

　　When asked "Where a tavern fair for rest, is hereabouts to be found",The shepherd boy the Apricot Bloom Vill, doth point to afar and say.

　　楊憲益、戴乃迭英譯(無韻譯法)

　　It drizzles endless during the rainy season in spring,Travelers along the road look gloomy and miserable.

　　When I ask a shepherd boy where I can find a tavern,He points at a distant hamlet nestling amidst apricot blossoms.

　　萬昌盛、王中英譯(韻式aabb)

　　The ceaseless drizzle drips all the dismal day,So broken-hearted fares the traveler on the way.

　　When asked where could be found a tavern bower,A cowboy points to yonder village of the apricot flower.

　　吳偉雄英譯(韻式aabb)

　　It drizzles thick and fast on the Mourning Day,The mourners heart is going to break on his way.

　　When asked for a wineshop to drown his sad hours?

　　A cowboy points to a hamlet amid apricot flowers.

　　蔡廷干英譯(韻式aabb)

　　The rain falls thick and fast on All Souls Day,The men and women sadly move along the way.

　　They ask where wineshops can be found or where to rest ——And there the herdboys fingers Almond-Town suggest.

　　風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣

　　蕩秋千

　　這是中國(guó)古代清明節(jié)習(xí)俗。秋千，意即揪著皮繩而遷移。它的歷史很古老，最早叫千秋，后為了避忌諱，改之為秋千。古時(shí)的秋千多用樹椏枝為架，再拴上彩帶做成。后來逐步發(fā)展為用兩根繩索加上踏板的秋千。蕩秋千不僅可以增進(jìn)健康，而且可以培養(yǎng)勇敢精神，至今為人們特別是兒童所喜愛。

　　踏青

　　踏青又叫春游。古時(shí)叫探春、尋春等。四月清明，春回大地，自然界到處呈現(xiàn)一派生機(jī)勃勃的景象，正是郊游的大好時(shí)光。

　　植樹

　　清明前后，春陽照臨，春雨飛灑，種植樹苗成活率高，成長(zhǎng)快。因此，自古以來,中國(guó)就有清明植樹的習(xí)慣。有人還把清明節(jié)叫作“植樹節(jié)”。植樹風(fēng)俗一直流傳至今。

　　清明節(jié)植樹的習(xí)俗，發(fā)端于清明戴柳插柳的風(fēng)俗。關(guān)于清明戴柳插柳，有三種傳說。最古老的傳說，是說為了紀(jì)念教民稼穡耕作的祖師—神農(nóng)氏，后來由此發(fā)展出祈求長(zhǎng)壽的意蘊(yùn)。再晚點(diǎn)的傳說與介子推有關(guān)。據(jù)說晉文公率眾臣登山祭奠介子推時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)介子推死前曾經(jīng)靠過的老柳樹死而復(fù)活，便賜老柳樹為“清明柳”。更晚點(diǎn)的傳說是唐太宗給大臣柳圈，以示賜福驅(qū)疫。

　　放風(fēng)箏

　　放風(fēng)箏也是清明時(shí)節(jié)人們所喜愛的活動(dòng)。每逢清明時(shí)節(jié)，人們不僅白天放，夜間也放。夜里在風(fēng)箏下或風(fēng)穩(wěn)拉線上掛上一串串彩色的小燈籠，像閃爍的明星，被稱為“神燈”。過去，有的人把風(fēng)箏放上藍(lán)天后，便剪斷牽線，任憑清風(fēng)把它們送往天涯海角，據(jù)說這樣能除病消災(zāi)，給自己帶來好運(yùn)。

　　掃墓

　　清明掃墓，謂之對(duì)祖先的“思時(shí)之敬”，其習(xí)俗由來已久。明《帝京景物略》載：

　　“三月清明日，男女掃墓，擔(dān)提尊榼，轎馬后掛楮錠，粲粲然滿道也。拜者、酹者、哭者、為墓除草添土者，焚楮錠次，以紙錢置墳頭。望中無紙錢，則孤墳矣。哭罷，不歸也，趨芳樹，擇園圃，列坐盡醉�！逼鋵�(shí)，掃墓在秦以前就有了，但不一定是在清明之際，清明掃墓則是秦以后的事。到唐朝才開始盛行�！肚逋ǘY》云：“歲，寒食及霜降節(jié)，拜掃壙塋，屆期素服詣墓，具酒饌及芟剪草木之器，周胝封樹，剪除荊草，故稱掃墓。”并相傳至今。

　　戴柳

　　清明戴柳，有將柳枝編成圓圈戴在頭上者，也有將嫩柳枝刮結(jié)成花朵而插于頭髻者，還有直接將柳枝插于頭髻者。明朝田汝成《西湖游覽志余》提到，清明時(shí)節(jié)“家家插柳滿檐，青茜可愛，男女或戴之”。

　　清朝戴柳，在我國(guó)大部分地區(qū)都是為辟邪之用，但在一些地方有紀(jì)年華之義，有所謂“清明不戴柳，紅顏成皓首”之說。這種習(xí)俗是宋代“寒食”冠禮的遺存。宋代將男女成年行冠禮的時(shí)間統(tǒng)一定在“寒食”節(jié)，而不論生時(shí)年月，“凡官民不論大、小家，子女未冠笄者，以此日上頭�！�(《夢(mèng)梁錄》)戴柳即為成年標(biāo)志。據(jù)此，后世便有“紀(jì)年華”之遺俗，并演化成婦女戴柳球于鬢畔以祈紅顏永駐的習(xí)俗。在此，青青春柳，又有象征青春之義。時(shí)值春季婦女戴柳，則表現(xiàn)出對(duì)青春年華的珍惜與留戀。

　　黃巢起義時(shí)規(guī)定，還曾以“清明為期，戴柳為號(hào)”。

　　射柳

　　射柳：這也是一項(xiàng)時(shí)尚高雅的活動(dòng)。在細(xì)長(zhǎng)搖曳的柳枝上，拴上一縷紅綢，即是被射的目標(biāo)。大多是青年男子，騎馬挽弓，在百步以外，用特制的前頭分杈的箭，射斷那枝柳條，待柳條落地之前，飛馬前往，將柳條接住。是考驗(yàn)騎射真功夫的一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。

　　斗雞

　　古代清明盛行斗雞游戲，斗雞由清明開始，斗到夏至為止。中國(guó)最早的斗雞記錄，見于《左傳》。到了唐代，斗雞成風(fēng)，不僅是民間斗雞，連皇上也參加斗雞。如唐玄宗最喜斗雞。

　　蠶花會(huì)

　　“蠶花會(huì)”是蠶鄉(xiāng)一種特有的民俗文化，過去清明節(jié)期間，梧桐、烏鎮(zhèn)、崇福、洲泉等地都有此項(xiàng)民俗活動(dòng)。其中以洲泉的馬鳴廟和青石的雙廟諸的蠶花會(huì)最為精彩隆重。馬鳴廟位于洲泉鎮(zhèn)西，在當(dāng)?shù)赜小皬R中之王”之稱，每年蠶花會(huì)人山人海，活動(dòng)頻繁，有迎蠶神、搖快船、鬧臺(tái)閣、拜香凳、打拳、龍燈、翹高竿、唱戲文等十多項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。這些活動(dòng)有的在岸上進(jìn)行，絕大多數(shù)在船上進(jìn)行，極具水鄉(xiāng)特色。

　　節(jié)令食品

　　由于寒食節(jié)與清明節(jié)合二為一的關(guān)系，一些地方還保留著清明節(jié)吃冷食的習(xí)慣。在山東，即墨吃雞蛋和冷餑餑，萊陽、招遠(yuǎn)、長(zhǎng)島吃雞蛋和冷高粱米飯，據(jù)說不這樣的話就會(huì)遭冰雹。泰安吃冷煎餅卷生苦菜，據(jù)說吃了眼睛明亮。晉中一帶還保留著清明前一日禁火的習(xí)慣。

　　很多地方在完成祭祀儀式后，將祭祀食品分吃。晉南人過清明時(shí)，習(xí)慣用白面蒸大饃，中間夾有核桃、棗兒、豆子，外面盤成龍形，龍身中間扎一個(gè)雞蛋，名為“子福”。要蒸一個(gè)很大的總“子�！�，象征全家團(tuán)圓幸福。上墳時(shí)，將總“子福”獻(xiàn)給祖靈，掃墓完畢后全家分食之。上海舊俗，用柳條將祭祀用過的蒸糕餅團(tuán)貫穿起來，晾干后存放著，到立夏那天，將之油煎，給小孩吃，據(jù)說吃了以后不得疰夏病。

　　上海清明節(jié)時(shí)有吃青團(tuán)的風(fēng)俗。將雀麥草汁和糯米一起舂合，使青汁和米粉相互融合，然后包上豆沙、棗泥等餡料，用蘆葉墊底，放到蒸籠內(nèi)。蒸熟出籠的青團(tuán)色澤鮮綠，香氣撲鼻，是本地清明節(jié)最有特色的節(jié)令食品。上海也有的人家清明節(jié)愛吃桃花粥，在掃墓和家宴上愛用刀魚。

　　在浙江湖州，清明節(jié)家家裹粽子，可作上墳的祭品，也可做踏青帶的干糧。俗話說：“清明粽子穩(wěn)牢牢�！鼻迕髑昂�，螺螄肥壯。俗話說：“清明螺，賽只鵝�！鞭r(nóng)家有清明吃螺螄的習(xí)慣，這天用針挑出螺螄肉烹食，叫“挑青”。吃后將螺螄殼扔到房頂上，據(jù)說屋瓦上發(fā)出的滾動(dòng)聲能嚇跑老鼠，有利于清明后的養(yǎng)蠶。清明節(jié)這天，還要辦社酒。同一宗祠的人家在一起聚餐。沒有宗祠的人家，一般同一高祖下各房子孫們?cè)谝黄鹁鄄�。社酒的菜肴，葷以魚肉為主，素以豆腐青菜為主，酒以家釀甜白酒為主。浙江桐鄉(xiāng)河山鎮(zhèn)有“清明大似年”的說法，清明夜重視全家團(tuán)圓吃晚餐，飯桌上少不了這樣幾個(gè)傳統(tǒng)菜：炒螺螄、糯米嵌藕、發(fā)芽豆、馬蘭頭等。這幾樣菜都跟養(yǎng)蠶有關(guān)。把吃剩的螺螄殼往屋里拋，據(jù)說聲音能嚇跑老鼠，毛毛蟲會(huì)鉆進(jìn)殼里做巢，不再出來騷擾蠶。吃藕是祝愿蠶寶寶吐的絲又長(zhǎng)又好。吃發(fā)芽豆是博得“發(fā)家”的口彩。吃馬蘭頭等時(shí)鮮蔬菜，是取其“青”字，以合“清明”之“青”。

　　英語翻譯：

　　Swinging on a swing

　　This is the custom of Qingming Festival in ancient China. Swing, meaning to move by gripping a leather rope. Its history is very ancient, originally called Qianqiu. Later, to avoid taboos, it was changed to a swing. In ancient times, swings were often made from tree branches and tied with colored ribbons. Later, it gradually developed into a swing using two ropes and pedals. Swinging not only enhances health, but also cultivates a spirit of bravery, which is still loved by people, especially children.

　　Spring outing

　　Spring outing, also known as spring outing. In ancient times, it was called exploring spring, searching for spring, etc. April Qingming, spring returns to the earth, and the natural world presents a vibrant scene everywhere, making it a great time for outings.

　　Tree planting

　　Before and after the Qingming Festival, spring sunshine shines and spring rain falls. Planting seedlings has a high survival rate and grows quickly. Therefore, since ancient times, China has had the habit of planting trees during the Qingming Festival. Some people also call Qingming Festival "Arbor Day". The custom of planting trees has been passed down to this day.

　　The custom of planting trees during the Qingming Festival originated from the custom of wearing willows and ing them. There are three legends about wearing willows and ing them during the Qingming Festival. The oldest legend is said to commemorate the founder of farming and farming, the Shennong family, and later developed the meaning of praying for longevity. The later legend is related to the meson push. It is said that when Duke Wen of Jin led his courtiers to climb the mountain to pay tribute to Jie Zitui, he discovered that the old willow tree that Jie Zitui had relied on before his death had died and been resurrected. He then bestowed upon the old willow tree the name "Qingming Willow". A later legend is that Emperor Taizong of Tang gave his ministers Liu Quan as a blessing to drive away the epidemic.

　　Flying kites

　　Flying kites is also a popular activity during the Qingming Festival. During the Qingming Festival, people not only release it during the day, but also at night. At night, hanging a string of colorful small lanterns under a kite or on a wind stable cable, like twinkling stars, is called a "divine lamp". In the past, some people flew kites into the blue sky and cut the strings, allowing the breeze to send them to the ends of the earth. It is said that this can eliminate diseases and disasters, and bring good luck to themselves.

　　Tomb sweeping

　　Tomb sweeping during the Qingming Festival is known as the "respect for the times" towards ancestors, and its custom has a long history. The Ming Dynastys "Scenery of the Imperial Capital" records:

　　On the clear and bright day of March, men and women sweep tombs, carrying revered armpits and hanging bamboo ingots behind sedan chairs and horses, creating a charming and charming atmosphere. Those who worship, sprinkle, cry, and weed and add soil to the tomb burn bamboo ingots several times, and use paper money to place the tomb head. If there is no paper money in sight, the tomb will be lonely. After crying, they will not return. They will follow the fragrant tree, choose the garden, and sit in rows to get drunk. In fact, tomb sweeping existed before Qin, but it may not necessarily be during the Qingming Festival. Tomb sweeping during the Qingming Festival was a thing after Qin. It wasnt until the Tang Dynasty that it became popular. According to the "Qingtongli", "At the age of one, during the Cold Food and Frost Descent Festival, one pays respects to the tomb of Kuang, and at the end of the year, one dressed in simple attire to visit the tomb, equipped with wine, food, and tools for cutting grass and trees. The trees are sealed with calluses, and the thorns and grasses are cut off, hence the name" sweeping the tomb ", which has been passed down to this day.".

　　Dai Liu

　　During the Qingming Festival, there were those who wove willow branches into circles and wore them on their heads, those who scraped tender willow branches into flowers and ed them into their buns, and those who directly ed willow branches into their buns. According to Tian Ruchengs "Records of West Lake Tour" during the Ming Dynasty, during the Qingming Festival, "every household is adorned with willows, and the green silk is cute, which can be worn by both men and women.".

　　During the Qing Dynasty, wearing willows was used to ward off evil spirits in most parts of China, but in some places, there is a meaning of keeping track of the passage of time, as the saying goes, "During the Qingming Festival, if you dont wear willows, your red face will become a bright head.". This custom is a remnant of the Song Dynastys "cold food" coronation ceremony. In the Song Dynasty, the time for male and female adults to perform the coronation ceremony was uniformly set on the "Cold Food" Festival, regardless of the year and year of birth. "Officials and civilians, regardless of their big or small families, and their children who have not been crowned with hairpins, will go up on this day." ("Mengliang Lu") Wearing willows is the symbol of adulthood. Based on this, there has been a tradition of "chronicling the passage of time" in later generations, which has evolved into the custom of women wearing willow balls on their temples to pray for eternal beauty. Here, the green willows symbolize youth. When women wear willows in spring, it shows a sense of cherishing and longing for their youth.

　　During the Huangchao Uprising, it was stipulated that "during the Qingming Festival, wearing willows as the name" was also used.

　　Sheliu

　　Sheliu: This is also a fashionable and elegant activity. Tie a strand of red silk to the slender swaying willow branch, which is the target of the shot. Most of them are young men who ride horses and pull bows. From a hundred steps away, they shoot the willow twig with specially designed arrows that branch at the front. Before the willow twig lands, they fly horses to catch it. It is a sport that tests the true skills of equestrian archery.

　　Cock fighting

　　During the ancient Qingming Festival, cockfighting games were popular, starting from the Qingming Festival and continuing until the summer solstice. The earliest record of cockfighting in China can be found in the Zuo Zhuan. In the Tang Dynasty, cockfighting became popular, not only among the people but also among the emperor. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang was most fond of cockfighting.

　　Silkworm Flower Festival

　　"Silkworm Blossom Fair" is a unique folk culture in Silkworm Village. In the past, during the Tomb sweeping Day, wutong, Wuzhen, Chongfu, Zhouquan and other places had this folk activity. Among them, the silkworm flower festival at the Maming Temple in Zhouquan and the Shuangmiao Temple in Qingshi are the most spectacular and grand. The Maming Temple is located in the west of Zhouquan Town and is known as the "King of Temples" in the local area. Every year, there is a sea of people and frequent activities at the Silkworm Flower Festival, including welcoming the Silkworm God, shaking the fast boat, disturbing the Terrace Pavilion, worshipping incense stools, boxing, dragon lanterns, raising high poles, singing opera and other more than ten activities. Some of these activities are conducted on shore, while the vast majority are carried out on boats, which is highly characteristic of water towns.

　　Seasonal food

　　Due to the integration of Cold Food Festival and Qingming Festival, some places still maintain the habit of eating cold food during Qingming Festival. In Shandong, Jimo eats eggs and cold cakes, while Laiyang, Zhaoyuan, and Changdao eat eggs and cold sorghum rice. It is said that if not, they will be hit by hail. Taian eats cold pancakes and rolls of raw bitter vegetables, and it is said that they have bright eyes. The Jinzhong area still retains the custom of banning fires on the day before the Qingming Festival.

　　Many places divide the sacrificial food after completing the ritual. During the Qingming Festival in southern Shanxi, people used to steam large steamed buns with white flour, sandwiched with walnuts, dates, and beans. The outer part was coiled in the shape of a dragon, and an egg was tied in the middle of the dragons body, which was called "Zifu". To steam a large total of "Zi Fu", symbolizing family reunion and happiness. When going to the grave, offer the total "Zifu" to the ancestral spirit, and after the tomb sweeping is completed, the whole family will share it. In the old customs of Shanghai, willow sticks are used to thread through the steamed cake balls used for worship, which are dried and stored. On the day of the beginning of summer, they are fried in oil and given to children to eat. It is said that after eating them, they must not prevent summer sickness.

　　There is a custom of eating Qingtuan during the Qingming Festival in Shanghai. Chong the bromegrass juice and glutinous rice together to make the green juice and Rice noodles blend together, then pack the bean paste, jujube paste and other fillings, use reed leaves as the base, and put them into the steamer. The steamed green balls have a bright green color and a fragrant aroma, making them the most distinctive seasonal food of the local Qingming Festival. Some people in Shanghai also like to eat peach blossom Congee on Tomb Sweeping Day and use swordfish at tomb sweeping and family dinners.

　　In Huzhou, Zhejiang, Zongzi is wrapped in every family during the Tomb Sweeping Day, which can be used as a sacrifice to the grave or as a dry food for the outing belt. As the saying goes, "Zongzi is stable and firm during the Qingming Festival." Before and after the Qingming Festival, the snails are fat and strong. As the saying goes, "On the Qingming Festival, snails compete with geese." Farmers have a habit of eating snails during the Qingming Festival. On this day, they use needles to pick out the meat of snails and cook it, which is called "picking green". After eating, throw the snail shell onto the roof. It is said that the rolling sound on the roof tiles can scare away mice, which is beneficial for raising silkworms after the Qingming Festival. On Qingming Festival, we also have to hold a social drink. Families from the same ancestral temple gather together for a meal. Families without ancestral temples usually gather together for meals with their grandchildren from different houses under the same ancestor. The dishes of the club liquor are mainly fish and meat, tofu and vegetables, and home brewed sweet Baijiu. There is a saying in Heshan Town, Tongxiang, Zhejiang that "Qingming is like a year". On Qingming Night, family reunion and dinner are emphasized, and traditional dishes such as stir fried snail, glutinous rice embedded with lotus root, sprouted beans, and Malantou are indispensable at the dinner table. These dishes are all related to sericulture. Throw the leftover snail shells into the house. It is said that the sound can scare away mice, and caterpillars will burrow into the shells to make nests and no longer come out to harass silkworms. Eating lotus roots is a wish for silkworms to spit out long and good silk. Eating sprouted beans is a way to make a fortune. Eating fresh vegetables such as Malan is done by taking the word "green" to combine with the "green" of "Qingming".

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